Inco-Terms

EXW ( EX Works ) 
 

FCA ( Free Carrier ) 
 

CPT ( Carriage Paid To ) 
In CPT transactions the shipper/seller has the same obligations found with CIF, with the addition that the seller has to buy cargo insurance, naming the buyer as the insured while the goods are in transit. 
 

CIP ( Carriage and Insurance Paid To )  
This term is primarily used for multimodal transport. Because it relies on the carrier's insurance, the shipper/seller is only required to purchase minimum coverage. When this particular agreement is in force, Freight Forwarders often act in effect, as carriers. The buyer's insurance is effective when the goods are turned over to the Forwarder. 
   

DAT ( Delivered at Terminal ) 
Seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination.
  

DAP ( Delivered at Place ) 
Seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination.
  

DDP ( Delivered Duty Paid )
DDP terms tend to be used in intermodal or courier-type shipments. Whereby, the shipper/seller is responsible for dealing with all the tasks involved in moving goods from the manufacturing plant to the buyer/consignee's door. It is the shipper/seller's responsibility to insure the goods and absorb all costs and risks including the payment of duty and fees.
 

FAS ( Free Alongside Ship )* 
In these transactions, the buyer bears all the transportation costs and the risk of loss of goods. FAS requires the shipper/seller to clear goods for export, which is a reversal from past practices. Companies selling on these terms will ordinarily use their freight forwarder to clear the goods for export. "Delivery" is accomplished when the goods are turned over to the Buyers Forwarder for insurance and transportation. 
 

FOB ( Free on Board ) 
 

CRF ( Cost and Freight)
This term formerly known as CNF (C&F) defines two distinct and separate responsibilities-one is dealing with the actual cost of merchandise "C" and the other "F" refers to the freight charges to a predetermined destination point. It is the shipper/seller's responsibility to get goods from their door to the port of destination. "Delivery" is accomplished at this time. It is the buyer's responsibility to cover insurance from the port of origin or port of shipment to buyer's door. Given that the shipper is responsible for transportation, the shipper also chooses the forwarder.
 

CIF ( Cost, Insurance and Freight ) 
This arrangement similar to CFR, but instead of the buyer insuring the goods for the maritime phase of the voyage, the shipper/seller will insure the merchandise. In this arrangement, the seller usually chooses the forwarder. "Delivery" as above, is accomplished at the port of destination.

DDU ( Delivered Duty Unpaid )  
This arrangement is basically the same as with DDP, except for the fact that the buyer is responsible for the duty, fees and taxes.

DEQ ( Delivered Ex Quay )* 
In this arrangement, the buyer/consignee is responsible for duties and charges and the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the quay, wharf or port of destination. In a reversal of previous practice, the buyer must also arrange for customs clearance.  

DES ( Delivered Ex Ship ) 
In this type of transaction, it is the seller's responsibility to get the goods to the port of destination or to engage the forwarder to the move cargo to the port of destination uncleared. "Delivery" occurs at this time. Any destination charges that occur after the ship is docked are the buyer's responsibility.

DAF ( Delivered At Frontier ) 
Here the seller's responsibility is to hire a forwarder to take goods to a named frontier, which usually a border crossing point, and clear them for export. "Delivery" occurs at this time. The buyer's responsibility is to arrange with their forwarder for the pick up of the goods after they are cleared for export, carry them across the border, clear them for importation and effect delivery. In most cases, the buyer's forwarder handles the task of accepting the goods at the border across the foreign soil.